A 10-Point Comma Quiz

A 10-Point Comma Quiz A 10-Point Comma Quiz A 10-Point Comma Quiz By Mark Nichol Here’s a quiz: Do the following sentences require an additional comma (or perhaps two), the omission of an existing one (or two), or both? Answers and explanations follow. 1. The word breakfast literally means to break the fasting period of your night’s sleep, so you can refuel for the day. 2. The first scene takes place in a dimly lit, tactical command center on an aircraft carrier. 3. The finishing stage is a series of asphalt â€Å"ski jumps,† only the â€Å"skiers† are skiing the wrong way. 4. One of their biggest challenges was coming up with a story that would resonate on a deep, emotional level. 5. Another English writer named Richard Browne used scientific reasoning to confirm the theory. 6. Among slaves, other popular instruments included drums made from hollowed logs covered with animal hides or kitchen pots and pans. 7. They continued to run the establishment, and took great pride in the accomplishments of their sons who kept in regular contact. 8. The storm inspired the title of Zora Neale Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God. 9. As slaves were moved around, they encountered other tribes and dance forms such as the Calenda gained widespread intertribal appeal. 10. â€Å"Newspapers and polling organizations predicted that Republican candidate, Thomas E. Dewey, would be America’s next president.† Answers and Explanations 1. Delete. Inclusion of the comma in this sentence incorrectly implies that thanks to the meaning of the word breakfast, you can refuel for the day. 2. Delete. The reference is not to a command center that is dimly lit and tactical; it’s to a tactical command center that is dimly lit. (Don’t let technical jargon deter you from making sense of a compound noun.) 3. Both. Only here is not a qualifier that suggests â€Å"the ‘skiers’ and nobody else†; it’s a synonym for however, so punctuate as you would were that word used instead. Also, the first comma should be not just deleted but also replaced by an em dash that sets off the unusual circumstance described in the final phrase. (References to skiing are enclosed in scare quotes because the participants are not actually skiers but are engaging in an analogous activity.) 4. Delete. As with sentence #2, the appositive structure is confused. The reference is to an emotional level that is deep, not a level that is deep and emotional, so deep and emotional are noncoordinate adjectives and therefore require no intervening comma. 5. Add. Unless a previous sentence referenced a different English writer by that name, the phrase â€Å"named Richard Browne† should be set off by two commas to demonstrate that it’s an appositive to â€Å"another English writer† and is therefore parenthetical. (In other words, it’s nonessential; the sentence would make sense without it.) 6. Add. The drums were not made from logs covered with hides or with kitchenware; they could be hide-covered logs, or they could be pots and pans. That fact needs to be clarified with a comma following hides, plus a second from, inserted before kitchen to complete the parallel structure. 7. Both. The comma is neither necessary nor incorrect, but if it’s retained, a second they, after and, would smooth the sentence somewhat. But the definite error is this: Unless there are two groups of progeny sons who kept in regular contact, and sons who didn’t, an appositive comma must be added after sons. 8. Delete. A quick online search will inform you that Hurston wrote more than one novel, so the nonrestrictive comma, which incorrectly implies that she published just one novel, should be jettisoned. 9. Add. The lack of a comma after tribes suggests that the slaves encountered other tribes and other dance forms, but then another verb crops up after that and creates a cognitive logjam. What the sentence means is that slaves’ encounters with slaves from other tribes led to increased exposure to new dance forms. The inserted comma will clarify that a new clause begins with and. 10. Delete. This error of apposition is one of the most annoying, relentlessly viral mistakes in English today. (Think of it this way: A comma implies a pause. Does the reader pause at all, much less twice, during this sentence?) Evidently, the misunderstanding stems from a confusion with the appositive structure of the phrase form exemplified in â€Å"Thomas E. Dewey, the Republican candidate.† The sentence would be correct if the were inserted before the epithet â€Å"Republican candidate,† but it is alternatively rendered proper by the omission of the two commas. The appropriate correction depends on the context (that is, whether a previous reference to a Republican candidate has been made). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†Work of Art TitlesThe Difference Between "Phonics" and "Phonetics"

An Inverted Tooth Chain Engineering Essay

An Inverted Tooth Chain Engineering Essay An inverted-tooth chain operates quietly and smoothly and is also known as a silent chain. Silent chain consists of a series of toothed link plates assembled on joint components in a way that allows free flexing between each pitch. The teeth on the link plates mesh with a sprocket, similar to the way a rack meshes with a gear. The great majority of silent chain is used in drives. Silent chains are made up of stacked rows of load carrying link plates. Increasing the number of rows of links increases the chain width, tensile strength, and load carrying capacity. Using this feature, manufacturers make silent chains ranging from less than a 1 in. wide to more than 20 in. wide, with power capacities ranging from a fraction of a horsepower to more than 2000 hp. A chain is a reliable machine component, which transmits power by means of tensile forces, and is used primarily for power transmission and conveyance systems. The function and uses of chain are similar to a belt. There are many ki nds of chain. It is convenient to sort types of chain by either material of composition or method of construction. There are five types of chains: Cast iron chain Cast steel chain Forged chain Steel chain Plastic chain Demand for the first three chain types is now decreasing; they are only used in some special situations. For example, cast iron chain is part of water-treatment equipment; forged chain is used in overhead conveyors for automobile factories. History: Chains have been used for centuries to drive machines and move materials on conveyors and elevators. In 225 B C, Philo described a chain- driven water lift. Leonard da Vinci sketched the chain designs in the 1500s. Some are similar to modern bar link, leaf, and silent chains. Cog chain was developed in the early 1800s to transmit power or motion between the shafts of treadmills to water elevators, weaving looms and harvesting machinery. This chain was used to mechanize farm implements, but it broke easily and was difficult to repair in the field. Cast detachable chain was introduced in 1873 and overcome many of the problems of cog chain. This chain was made of simple identical cast links that were easily coupled and uncoupled by hand. This basic detachable chain design is one of the early chain concepts that have been unchanged nowadays also. After few years cast detachable chain was introduced, a chain made of all steel parts was introduced for driving bicycles. A patent for roller chain was issued in 1880. By early 1900s, roller chains drove the wheels of safety bicycles, as well as automobiles, trucks, and the propellers of the Wright Brothers airplane that flew at Kitty Hawk. Two major factors combined to make the roller chain industry were automation and standardization. Automation helped manufacturers meet the demand for the large amounts of high quality that were used on machines made by other industries. Standard dimensions and capacities ensured that roller chains would fit and operate as th e designer planned. The result was that the industry soon became as the precision roller chain industry.

Relationship between height and weight of mother birth weight Essay

Relationship between height and weight of mother birth weight - Essay Example The study of these two quantities among mothers just after giving birth is very important as these are the quantities that is used to calculate the body mass index used for health check (Taylor, 2010, p. 258). The data provided in the spreadsheet gives information about mothers within one hour of giving birth to infants at the oxford street hospital. The information in the data includes the weight of the baby, the age of the mother, their height, weight, gestation period, and whether they smoke or not. In order to analyze the relationship between the height and weight of the mothers, I will plot the scatter graphs, cumulative frequency curve and box plot together with statistical values such as mean, mode, range and median (Cleveland, 1994). Since the population is too large, I will use random sampling method to draw 50 samples from the population to ensure that the investigation represented the population fairly (Mann, 2010). In this case a scientific calculator will be used with function â€Å"Ran#† to generate the random numbers and then multiplied by 1148 to obtain the numbers in the range of 1 to 1148. This will be done keeping in mind that no single random number will be repe ated. The sample will then be used for the study. The hypothesis of this study is that taller mothers weigh more than shorter mothers. This is the expected outcome of this study since when mothers grow tall, they add more mass to their body hence increasing their weight (Nolan & Speed, 2000). As was mentioned above, random sampling was used to obtain 50 samples from the population. The samples is shown in the table 1 below. The data is then analyzed by scatter graph for possible relationship. Frequency curve is used to obtain the lower quartile, median upper quartile (Jan, 1962). The quartile range is then calculated. Box plot is used to analyze the spread of the data. As is evident from the scatter plot above, there is a significant

Criminal law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Criminal law - Essay Example The law that deals with crimes is referred to as criminal law. The shapers and foundations of criminal law are the numerous social standards and conducts set in different jurisdictions. This definition implies that criminal law seeks to control peoples’ conducts in society and criminalise actions and omissions that may threaten, endanger and harm others’ well being, safety, security and mental and physical health1. For people who breach any of the laid down criminal laws of a given jurisdiction, the consequences are often commensurate legal punishments such as jail terms. Unlike civil law which focuses on resolution of disputes and compensation, criminal law emphasises punishment for convicted offenders2. Because of the severity of the effects of some convictions on perpetrators, judges always want proof of the intent to commit a crime on the part of a defendant. This intent or guilty mind is referred to as mens rea. Thus mens rea and actus reus are the two core require ments that must be present at the same moment for a successful conviction. In other words, a criminal case cannot stand strong if mens rea and actus reus occur at different times, even if sequentially. On the other hand, strict liability refers to the criminal liability faced by a defendant, regardless of mens rea3, i.e. where it is absent. This paper explores the statement that â€Å"Theft and Fraud are both serious crimes, but they can never be the basis for any type of manslaughter conviction, even if the victim dies.’... Taking the offence of criminal damage as contained in section 1(1) of the Criminal Damage Act 1971), the actus reus entails the damage or destruction of another person's property5. Thus, the mens rea in this case does not require exceeding an intention to commit criminal damage. In a specific intent crime, a suspect’s mens rea exceeds the actus reus. This implies that such a defendant had certain ulterior motives in mind. For an illustration, in the case of aggravated criminal damage contrary to section 1(2) of the Criminal Damage Act 1971, this offence is committed if a defendant damages or destroys a property while all along intending to endanger life6. Examples of basic intent crimes include common law theft, fraud, assault, battery, manslaughter, rape and criminal damage while specific intent crimes are unclear offences, murder and criminal damage with intent to endanger life. The reason theft and fraud cannot form the basis for manslaughter is that the actus reus of the t wo crimes are not similar to that of manslaughter. For example, the actus reus of theft is the illegal taking, keeping and/or using of another person's property. This actus reus is accompanied by the mens rea of permanently intending to deprive the rightful owner the possession or use of a property. That is, if one party mistakenly takes the property of another, thus depriving the owner of the use and possession of the property (the actus reus), it does not amount to a crime since the former mistakenly takes the property, believing he/she is the rightful owner. However, if he/she realizes the mistake but does not take the earliest opportunity to return it to the rightful owner, it becomes a crime at this point7. There is thus, the element of dishonesty in the latter scenario. The

Skills and Requirements of Professional Educators Essay -- Education

Introduction: An educator is an individual whose work is to pass the required information to the students. A professional educator is effective in all they do and is responsible for the creation of an interactive learning environment. To do this, an educator should understand the requirements needed to satisfy the goals and objectives of their curriculums as well as the content. As much as the work of an educator is to disseminate the required information to the students, they also ensure that all the expectations of these students are met and if possible exceeded. An educator uses a variety of teaching strategies which includes classroom management to ensure that the purpose of education is achieved. In this paper, I will demonstrate the responsibilities, knowledge and skill required of an effective professional educator. Review of literature: A professional educator creates a positive learning environment that is conducive for all the students in the school. To do this, an educator must understand the principles of classroom management and employ these strategies as they interact with the students. The educator applies classroom organization skills to monitor the students mental, physical and social growth. Effective classroom organization skills include planning, communicating and scheduling. Planning helps an educator determine the day to day activities that needs to be carried out. Through communication, an educator tells the students exactly what will be requires of them. Effective communication allows the students to understand the goals and objectives of the curriculums that they are undertaking. Scheduling help in the proper allocation of all the available resources. Effective scheduling helps the educator to fully us... ...Five ways to encourage participation in the classroom. (2009, September 18). Retrieved from The Learning Generalist: http://www.learninggeneralist.com/2009/09/five-ways-to-encourage-participation-in.html Hannaford, A. N. (2009, December 11). INTASC Principles. Retrieved from http://audreymerrell.net/INTASC/principles.html Increasing Student Participation. (2009). Retrieved from The Teaching Center, Washington University in St. Louis: http://teachingcenter.wustl.edu/increasing-student-participation School of education. (n.d.). Intrinsic Motivation. Retrieved from Purdue University Calumet: http://education.calumet.purdue.edu/vockell/edPsybook/Edpsy5/edpsy5_intrinsic.htm The Education Division. (2008, March 11). Demonstrating Skills as an Educational Facilitator. Retrieved from Lewis-Clark State College: http://www.lcsc.edu/education/teacherprep/standards/ef/shtml

Analysis of Rosemary’s Baby and Religious Faith

Is God Dead? Rosemary’s baby written by Ira Levin is a masterpiece of modern day horror that emphasizes the importance of religion. Rosemary, Guy Woodhouse’s wife and a young soon to be mother was raised by a strict religious catholic family. As she supposedly became agnostic towards her catholic faith, she left behind her an angry, suspicious father, a silent mother and four resenting brothers and sisters (Levin, 24). Throughout the novel we learn that Rosemary has re-embraced her religious beliefs and has never truly abandoned them.The author is also depicting a crisis of faith in the modern era explaining how there is a growing decline in religious belief in the 60’s. Rosemary regrets doubting and turning away from her religious beliefs after she discovers that pure Satanic evil does exist, and is residing next door. She re-embraces her religious beliefs as she utters a prayer â€Å"Oh Father in heaven, forgive me for doubting! Oh Jesus help me save my innoce nt baby† (287). This reveals how she seeks forgiveness of ever doubting gods existence and the power of religion itself.She is not only seeking forgiveness, but help for her baby. She realises that becoming agnostic and leaving her faith behind has allowed the devil to enter a doorway in her life. She re-embraces religion because it is her last hope since Guy, Doctor Sapirstein, the Castevets have all terribly deceived her: â€Å"All of them, they were all in it together. All of them witches† (257). This betrayal caused her to search for hope and to reconcile her inner conflict she had with her own faith. Moreover, as Rosemary is giving birth she apologizes to her baby â€Å"I’m sorry, my little darling!Forgive me! † (272). She is apologizing for being too late and for failing to protect her new born from the evil that surrounds her. Rosemary knows that if she had not put aside the importance of her catholic faith, this would not be happening. She then ask s the child for forgiveness because she feels that it is her fault. This foreshadows how she wants to accord importance once again to her religion. She feels that she could be forgiven if she became a true catholic again. At this moment she would do anything to save her child from â€Å"those witches†.Furthermore, Rosemary sees her helpless baby in a monstrous bassinet in the hands of the evil Satanists. She then proves re-embracement of her religious faith as she avoids collapsing and crying. Instead, â€Å"she shut her eyes tight to stop the tears and said a quick Hail Mary† (293). Even after all she has just been through, she still takes time to say a prayer. This demonstrates how she still has hope and faith. Additionally, not only does Rosemary go through evolution by re-embracing religion; she has also never abandoned her beliefs.When asked by the Castavets if she is religious, Rosemary's response is flustered and confused: â€Å"No, no not at all, I was brought up to be but now I am agnostic† (76). As Mrs. Castevet wanted more details about how she truly felt about the Pope and religion, Rosemary answers: â€Å"Well he is the Pope; I’ve been conditioned to have respect for him and still do† (77). This demonstrates that even though she does not think of him has holy anymore, she still has respect for him. This proves that the way her family raised her impacts her view on the Pope regardless if she is religious or not.As the Pope is visiting New York, Rosemary takes time to watch his appearance on television and to listen to his speeches. She mentions that the Pope’s speech at the UN â€Å"moved her† (102). Which reveals once again that he is important for her and that she respects him. As well, Rosemary receives a phone call from her sister Margaret and reveals an important declaration: â€Å"Religion doesn’t mean as much to me now as it did back home† (104). This reveals to us how religion r emains meaningful to her even though it is not as important as it used to be. As Rosemary wavers in her own beliefs, she does not abandon them.Furthermore, in Rosemary’s dream we perceive how she is in conflict with the beliefs towards religion and her agnostic point of view. She dreams of a church burning on fire and of catholic prejudices (113). Her unconscious reveals how her loss in interest with the catholic faith troubles her. In the dream, the Pope is also there with a suitcase and she asks him for forgiveness (116). This foreshadows how she wishes the Pope would forgive her for ever doubting the religion and how she seeks acceptance from him and her family. Lastly, the author is aiming to depict a crisis of faith in contemporary society.This is seen when Rosemary picks up a copy of Time magazine that was right next to her. â€Å"Is God dead†? It asked in red letters on a black background (255). This reveals how the society is doubting the existence of god. It a lso expresses the need for society to recognize that it is behaving as if God were no longer active in the world. The fact that the author took the time to mention this specific magazine foreshadows how Rosemary is not the only one doubting existence of god. As well, when Rosemary see’s the cover of the magazine she looks for the index right away and turned to the show business section (255).She did not read it because at that moment the existence of God did not mean much to her. This reveals how the God of the Christian past no longer served a function. For instance, the â€Å"Bramford† is a perfect example. Its morbid history of cannibalism and Satanism, infanticide and suicide, becomes reason for the growing decline of religious belief (26). Society is asking â€Å"If God does truly exist, how could he let these things occur? † 1,001 Words WORKS CITED Levin, Ira. Rosemary’s Baby. New York: New American Library, 1967. Print.

Criminals Or Children, Who Gets The Resources - 1756 Words

Maldonado, Angel Biggs/Regalia Political Studies 22 October 2014 Criminals or Children, Who Gets the Resources? The struggle to decide who should receive more resources between education for prisoners or kids has been going on for a while now. These resources are important for both areas of education with many favoring children. This is understandable because the promise children hold is greater than those men and women who had their chance, yet educating these inmates can have amazing outcomes, for the good of their lives and our communities. When educating inmates we can help benefit our neighborhoods, allow inmates to redeem themselves and save us money in the long run. Education as well is one of the only direct ways to combat mass incarceration. During incarceration, education can help change inmates emotions and attitudes towards different people. They work in a confined space with people from different backgrounds, yet they may have similarities. With this type of an environment inmates become more social with one another and more open when contributing their ideas (Why should we care). This can be very helpful when it comes to rehabilitating the social interactions and mental health of an inmate in order to prepare them for the outside world once again (Why should we care). The majority of the people in prison will eventually be released into our communities. Those offenders who cannot find a job, will most likely continue their involvement in whatever activity leadShow MoreRelatedImmigration Speech : A Nation Of Immigrants1194 Words   |  5 Pagesservices for immigrants who cannot read or understand English, increase security along America’s borders, and stop wasting resources on deporting harmless undocumented workers. Since many immigrants from third-world countries don’t receive a proper education, they often don’t have the opportunity to learn English. 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